#5A 1851 1¢ - Type Ib

Basic Information

Colors: Blue, pale blue, dark blue
Subject: Benjamin Franklin
Printing Method: die-to-relief-to-plate intaglio engraving process
Printer: Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co.
Perforations: imperforate
Watermark: none
Scott #: 5A
Type: Ib
Quantity Issued: 30,000
Issued: July 1st, 1851

Value

An unused stamp without gum: $28,000 - $35,000
A used stamp: $12,000 - $24,000
Values are for stamps with four margins.

General Notes

Type 1B
horizontal strip of three

Each Type Ib position was originally entered on the plate as a full Type I design. However, the extreme bottom portions were later burnished off (erased) by the engravers to fit the plate.

Type Ib stamps originated from only six specific positions on the top row of the Right Pane of Plate 1 Early (1E)

Interesting points

1) Type Ib exists only as an imperforate stamp; it is the only major 1¢ type that was never officially produced with perforations.
2) Positions 6R1E and 8R1E are the most highly prized because they have the least amount of bottom ornament erasure.
3) It is estimated that only about 30,000 Type Ib stamps were ever printed, making them significantly rarer than the more common Type II or Type V varieties.
4) The imperforate stamps were replaced with the perforated stamps on August 1st 1857.
5) A certificate is a must, never buy without one.

How to read plate positions?

The first indicator is a number indicates its position on the plate, so 3RIE would have come from the third stamp on the plate. The number can range from 1 to 100, there being 100 stamps on each plate.

The second indicator is either the letter R or L, R indicates the stamp came from the right pane, L for the left pane. The stamp was printed in sheets of 200, each sheet was further divided into two panes of 100. Hence 3RIE would have come from the right pane as the second indicator in 3R1E is the letter R.

The third indicator can be from numbers I (1) to XII (12). This indicator is always shown in roman numerals. There were twelve plates, there are no stamps from plate VI (6) as it was destroyed before printing began (no doubt it was flawed). For example stamp 4RIL would have come from plate one (1).

The last or fourth indicator is either the letter E or L. The letter 'E' indicate an early state of the plate, the letter 'L' indicates the late state of the plate. This indicator only applies to PLATE I, as it is the only one that has an early and late plate. The early plate is the original plate. After 11 months the plate became worn and 199 of the 200 positions were recut. 113 positions on the plate had both top and bottom lines recut, 40 positions had only the top line recut, 8 positions had only the bottom line recut, 11 positions had a double recut at the bottom and 4 positions had a double recut at the top.

How many plates were there?

There were twelve plates of the 1¢ Franklin made, plate six was never used, probably due to it being damaged in it's creation. Most of the plates were used for both the imperforate and perforated design. Some only produced one type or the other. For instance, plate 12 produced only perforated stamps and the early state of Plate 1 produced only imperforate stamps whilst plate I late (reconstruction) produced both imperforate and perforated stamps. Plate 4 was the last of the imperforate plates to be used.

The Inspiration for the Design

Bust of Franklin

Jean-Jacques Caffieri

A New Contract
Under Postmaster General Nathan K. Hall, the contract to print the 1851 Issue was awarded to the Philadelphia firm of Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co. (Casilear retired in October 1854, but his name was included in plate imprints as late as 1857).

The 1¢ 1851 stamp, with a bust of Franklin based on Caffieri’s sculpture, was one of the workhorses of postage stamps issued during the decade it was current. Twelve plates were required to print sufficient quantities of 1¢ stamps, and the creation of those plates caused Toppan Carpenter a great degree of difficulty.

How to Identify this Stamp

Click the image to enlarge

The 1851 1¢ blue Type Ib (Scott #5A) is identified by having a fully complete design at the top (with top-row sheet margin often present) and incomplete, slightly burnished-off bottom ornaments. It is an imperforate stamp from specific positions on Plate 1 Early (3, 4, 5, 6, 8, or 9 R1E).
Key Identification Points for 5A (Type Ib):
Imperforate: No perforations on edges.
Top Design: Complete top scrolls, often showing part of the top sheet margin.
Bottom Design: Incomplete; the bottom plumes/ornaments are partially or completely burnished off.
Source: Originated from Plate 1 Early, specifically positions 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9 in the right pane.
Distinction: It differs from Type I (#5) which has a complete design at both top and bottom (Position 7R1E), and Type II, which has more extensive trimming.
Color: Deep blue or bright blue.

An expert certificate is highly recommended to confirm the plate position and type due to the high value and rarity of this issue.

The Plate Positions

Primary Identification: The "Most Complete" Positions
These two positions are the most prized because they retain the highest amount of the original Type I design at the bottom.
Position 8R1E: Generally regarded as the most complete Type Ib example.
Distinguishing Feature: The bottom of the right plume is only partially missing due to slight burnishing. It is the closest existing design to the unique 7R1E (Type I).
Position 6R1E: Nearly as complete as 8R1E.
Distinguishing Feature: The bottom ornaments are only slightly burnished, keeping much more detail than the remaining four positions.

The "Less Complete" Positions

These four positions show more aggressive erasure of the bottom ornaments compared to 6R and 8R.
Position 3R1E: Bottom ornaments are burnished back "a little more" than 6R/8R.
Position 4R1E: Exhibits more significant trimming at the bottom than the primary positions.
Position 5R1E: Similar to 4R1E; the bottom ornaments are visibly incomplete.
Position 9R1E: The final Type Ib position on the top row, also showing more extensive burnishing at the bottom than the 6R/8R variants.

The Types of the 1851-57 One Cent Stamps (Large Diagram)

#5 1851 1¢ - Type I

Basic Information

Colors: Blue, pale blue, dark blue
Subject: Benjamin Franklin
Printing Method: die-to-relief-to-plate intaglio engraving process
Printer: Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co.
Perforations: imperforate
Watermark: none
Scott #: 5
Type: I
Quantity Issued: 30,000
Issued: July 1st, 1851
Only occurs on position 7R1E
Fewer than 100 copies recorded, rarest of the 1851 1¢ stamps

Value

An unused stamp without gum: $90,000-$120,000
A used stamp: $55,000-$65,000
Values are for stamps with four margins.