#6 1851 1¢ - Type Ia

Basic Information

Colors: Blue, dark blue
Subject: Benjamin Franklin
Printing Method: die-to-relief-to-plate intaglio engraving process
Printer: Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co.
Perforations: imperforate
Watermark: none
Scott #: 6
Type: Ia
Quantity Issued: 110,000
Issued: April 19th, 1857
Only 1 in 50 imperforate 1¢ Franklins are #6

Value

An unused stamp without gum: $16,000 - $55,000
A used stamp: $2,400 - $7,000
Values are for stamps with four margins.

General Notes

Type 1a
horizontal strip of three

Click the image to enlarge

#6 is a Type Ia design. The design on the bottom and sides of Type Ia are complete. However the design at the top is not complete, some of the top ornaments have been burnished off, see illustration below.

Type 1a can be found on eighteen plate positions, all from the bottom row of plate IV.

Interesting points

1) There is no stamp beneath them as they come from the bottom row
2) Type 1a can be found on the perforated stamp as well (Scott #19)
3) Although the stamp can be distinguished by a broken curved line at the top, a few of the positions have a blurred burr where the line is broken, giving one the first impression that the line is unbroken.
4) They were only printed in the months of April, May and June 1857, a late period in the printing of the imperforate.
5) The imperforate stamps were replaced with the perforated stamps on August 1st 1857.
6) A certificate is a must, never buy without one.

How to read plate positions

The first indicator is a number indicates its position on the plate, so 3RIE would have come from the third stamp on the plate. The number can range from 1 to 100, there being 100 stamps on each plate.

The second indicator is either the letter R or L, R indicates the stamp came from the right pane, L for the left pane. The stamp was printed in sheets of 200, each sheet was further divided into two panes of 100. Hence 3RIE would have come from the right pane as the second indicator in 3R1E is the letter R.

The third indicator can be from numbers I (1) to XII (12). This indicator is always shown in roman numerals. There were twelve plates, there are no stamps from plate VI (6) as it was destroyed before printing began (no doubt it was flawed). For example stamp 4RIL would have come from plate one (1).

The last or fourth indicator is either the letter E or L. The letter 'E' indicate an early state of the plate, the letter 'L' indicates the late state of the plate. This indicator only applies to PLATE I, as it is the only one that has an early and late plate. The early plate is the original plate. After 11 months the plate became worn and 199 of the 200 positions were recut. 113 positions on the plate had both top and bottom lines recut, 40 positions had only the top line recut, 8 positions had only the bottom line recut, 11 positions had a double recut at the bottom and 4 positions had a double recut at the top.

How many plates were there?

There were twelve plates of the 1¢ Franklin made, plate six was never used, probably due to it being damaged in it's creation. Most of the plates were used for both the imperforate and perforated design. Some only produced one type or the other. For instance, plate 12 produced only perforated stamps and the early state of Plate 1 produced only imperforate stamps whilst plate I late (reconstruction) produced both imperforate and perforated stamps. Plate 4 was the last of the imperforate plates to be used.

The Inspiration for the Design

Bust of Franklin

Jean-Jacques Caffieri

A New Contract
Under Postmaster General Nathan K. Hall, the contract to print the 1851 Issue was awarded to the Philadelphia firm of Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co. (Casilear retired in October 1854, but his name was included in plate imprints as late as 1857).

The 1¢ 1851 stamp, with a bust of Franklin based on Caffieri’s sculpture, was one of the workhorses of postage stamps issued during the decade it was current. Twelve plates were required to print sufficient quantities of 1¢ stamps, and the creation of those plates caused Toppan Carpenter a great degree of difficulty.

How to Identify this Stamp

Click the image to enlarge

To identify the 1851 1¢ Blue Benjamin Franklin (Scott #6), you must confirm it is imperforate (has no holes) and matches the specific characteristics of Type Ia.

Key Identification Points for 1851 Type Ia (#6):
Type Ia is defined by a design that is complete at the bottom but incomplete at the topt the top
Bottom Ornaments: These must be completely intact, including the full plumes and balls at the bottom.
Top Ornaments: The design at the top is substantially reduced or "burnished off". Specifically, the curved line at the top is broken.
Sides: The side ornaments remain complete.
Identifying Flaw: All Scott #6 stamps have a small flaw at the top left inner circle, though this flaw is also found on some other types.
Plate and Position Information:
The Scott #6 comes exclusively from Plate 4.
Plate 4 Bottom Row: This type is found only on 18 of the 20 positions on the bottom row of Plate 4 (all positions except 91R4 and 96R4, which are Type Ic).
No Stamp Below: Type II (Type II) has the bottom plumes trimmed off, and Types III and IV have even more of the top/bottom design cut away.
Expertise Needed: Because it comes from the bottom row, it will never have a stamp

The Curl on Shoulder Variety

The "curl on shoulder" is a rare plate variety found on the 1851 1¢ Blue Benjamin Franklin (US Scott #6). It is characterized by a small, wavy line that appears on Franklin's collar on the left side of the stamp, nearly touching the outer frame line.

Key details of this flaw include:

Plate Position: It is specifically identified at position 97L4 (the 97th stamp on the left pane of Plate 4). Some sources also associate a similar variety with position 81R4.
Significance: This flaw is highly sought after by collectors because it occurs on Type Ia stamps, which are already rare, coming only from the bottom row of Plate 4.
Appearance: Philatelists describe it as a "blurred burr" or a small "wavy line" that can sometimes make the top curved line of the design appear unbroken, even though Type Ia is defined by having broken top ornaments.

This variety also exists on the perforated version of the same design, Scott #19

The Types of the 1851-57 One Cent Stamps (Large Diagram)