#8A 1851 1¢ - Type IIIa

Basic Information

Colors: Pale blue. blue, dark blue
Subject: Benjamin Franklin
Plate: I early, II and IV
Printing Method: die-to-relief-to-plate intaglio engraving process
Printer: Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co.
Perforations: imperforate
Watermark: none
Scott #: 8A
Type: IIIa
Quantity Issued: 1,000,000
Issued: July 1st, 1851

Value

An unused stamp without gum: $8,500 - $16,000
A used stamp: $1,200 - $5,250

General Notes

The Imprint

Type III, which is among the most sought-after varieties of the 1¢ 1851 issue due to its distinct "broken" lines.

Interesting points

1) The Type III variety primarily comes from Plate 2.
2) Because the specific Plate 2 used to create these stamps had very few positions that resulted in a true Type III, Scott #8 is considered scarce. One of the most famous and valuable positions is 99R2 (see below), which features a particularly wide break
3) The degree or amount of the break in the line(s) is important. The greater the break the more desirable the stamp.

How to read plate positions

The first indicator is a number indicates its position on the plate, so 3RIE would have come from the third stamp on the plate. The number can range from 1 to 100, there being 100 stamps on each plate.

The second indicator is either the letter R or L, R indicates the stamp came from the right pane, L for the left pane. The stamp was printed in sheets of 200, each sheet was further divided into two panes of 100. Hence 3RIE would have come from the right pane as the second indicator in 3R1E is the letter R.

The third indicator can be from numbers I (1) to XII (12). This indicator is always shown in roman numerals. There were twelve plates, there are no stamps from plate VI (6) as it was destroyed before printing began (no doubt it was flawed). For example stamp 4RIL would have come from plate one (1).

The last or fourth indicator is either the letter E or L. The letter 'E' indicate an early state of the plate, the letter 'L' indicates the late state of the plate. This indicator only applies to PLATE I, as it is the only one that has an early and late plate. The early plate is the original plate. After 11 months the plate became worn and 199 of the 200 positions were recut. 113 positions on the plate had both top and bottom lines recut, 40 positions had only the top line recut, 8 positions had only the bottom line recut, 11 positions had a double recut at the bottom and 4 positions had a double recut at the top.

How many plates were there?

There were twelve plates of the 1¢ Franklin made, plate six was never used, probably due to it being damaged in it's creation. Most of the plates were used for both the imperforate and perforated design. Some only produced one type or the other. For instance, plate 12 produced only perforated stamps and the early state of Plate 1 produced only imperforate stamps whilst plate I late (reconstruction) produced both imperforate and perforated stamps. Plate 4 was the last of the imperforate plates to be used.

The Inspiration for the Design

Bust of Franklin

Jean-Jacques Caffieri

A New Contract
Under Postmaster General Nathan K. Hall, the contract to print the 1851 Issue was awarded to the Philadelphia firm of Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co. (Casilear retired in October 1854, but his name was included in plate imprints as late as 1857).

The 1¢ 1851 stamp, with a bust of Franklin based on Caffieri’s sculpture, was one of the workhorses of postage stamps issued during the decade it was current. Twelve plates were required to print sufficient quantities of 1¢ stamps, and the creation of those plates caused Toppan Carpenter a great degree of difficulty.

How to Identify this Stamp

Click the image to enlarge

The US Scott #8A (1851 1¢ blue, Type IIIa) is identified as an imperforate stamp featuring Ben Franklin with broken outer design lines at either the top or bottom, but with nearly complete side ornaments. It is distinguished from Type III (breaks at both top/bottom) and Type I (complete design).

Key Identifying Features

Design Type (Type IIIa): The key identifier is that the outer design lines (frame lines) are broken at the top, bottom, or both, but not completely missing, unlike Type III where they are heavily broken.
Side Ornaments: The side ornaments are generally complete..
Plate Characteristics: Often originates from Plates 3 or 4, showing faint, incomplete lines at the bottom.

The 81L1E Plate Position

To identify the specific plate position 81L1E on the Scott #8A (1851 1¢ Blue, Type IIIa), look for the following defining characteristics:

Double Transfer (Inverted):
This position is famous for showing a double transfer, specifically with one of the transfers being inverted.

Type IIIa Design:
As a Type IIIa stamp, the outer frame line is broken at the top while remaining complete (or barely broken) at the bottom.

Relief Origin: This position was produced from the "E" relief of Plate 1 Early.

The Types of the 1851-57 One Cent Stamps (Large Diagram)