An unused stamp with gum: $700 - $1,250
An unused stamp without gum: $250 - $400
A used stamp: $35 - $60
General Notes
Plate 3. Positions 66-68L3, horizontal strip of three
Unlike the rare Type I (Scott #5), which has a complete design, the Type II is identified by complete top and bottom frame lines but with the "balls" and lower plume ornaments at the bottom missing or "burnished off"
Interesting points
1) Scott #7 was printed from several plates (I Early, I Late, II, III, and IV). Notably, Plate III consisted only of Type II stamps and was retired early, making examples from this plate particularly scarce
2) The reason for the different "types" is that the original design was too large for the 200-subject printing plates. Engravers had to trim the outer ornaments of the design at the top or bottom to fit them onto the plate.
3) While it could be used for various rates, its primary "workhorse" role was paying the 1¢ fee for unsealed printed circulars (the 19th-century equivalent of "junk mail") and "drop letters" delivered within the same town.
How to read plate positions?
The first indicator is a number indicates its position on the plate, so 3RIE would have come from the third stamp on the plate. The number can range from 1 to 100, there being 100 stamps on each plate.
The second indicator is either the letter R or L, R indicates the stamp came from the right pane, L for the left pane. The stamp was printed in sheets of 200, each sheet was further divided into two panes of 100. Hence 3RIE would have come from the right pane as the second indicator in 3R1E is the letter R.
The third indicator can be from numbers I (1) to XII (12). This indicator is always shown in roman numerals. There were twelve plates, there are no stamps from plate VI (6) as it was destroyed before printing began (no doubt it was flawed). For example stamp 4RIL would have come from plate one (1).
The last or fourth indicator is either the letter E or L. The letter 'E' indicate an early state of the plate, the letter 'L' indicates the late state of the plate. This indicator only applies to PLATE I, as it is the only one that has an early and late plate. The early plate is the original plate. After 11 months the plate became worn and 199 of the 200 positions were recut. 113 positions on the plate had both top and bottom lines recut, 40 positions had only the top line recut, 8 positions had only the bottom line recut, 11 positions had a double recut at the bottom and 4 positions had a double recut at the top.
How many plates were there?
There were twelve plates of the 1¢ Franklin made, plate six was never used, probably due to it being damaged in it's creation. Most of the plates were used for both the imperforate and perforated design. Some only produced one type or the other. For instance, plate 12 produced only perforated stamps and the early state of Plate 1 produced only imperforate stamps whilst plate I late (reconstruction) produced both imperforate and perforated stamps. Plate 4 was the last of the imperforate plates to be used.
The Inspiration for the Design
Bust of Franklin
A New Contract
Under Postmaster General Nathan K. Hall, the contract to print the 1851 Issue was awarded to the Philadelphia firm of Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co. (Casilear retired in October 1854, but his name was included in plate imprints as late as 1857).
The 1¢ 1851 stamp, with a bust of Franklin based on Caffieri’s sculpture, was one of the workhorses of postage stamps issued during the decade it was current. Twelve plates were required to print sufficient quantities of 1¢ stamps, and the creation of those plates caused Toppan Carpenter a great degree of difficulty.
How to Identify this Stamp
To identify the 1851 1¢ Franklin Type II (Scott #7), look for an imperforate stamp with complete outer frame lines at both top and bottom, but with the inner plumes, scrolls, and balls at the bottom clearly missing, shaved, or incomplete. The top ornaments may be complete or slightly shaved.
Key Identification Points for #7 (Type II):
Complete Outer Lines: The top and bottom outer frame lines are solid and unbroken.
Incomplete Bottom Details: The most defining feature is that the bottom plumes and scroll balls are partially or completely missing (burnished off the plate).
Top Ornaments: These are generally complete, or only very slightly shaved, distinguishing it from Type I (fully complete) and Type III (broken lines).
Appearance: The stamp often looks "worn" at the bottom compared to the top.
Distinction: It differs from Type I (#5) which has a complete design at both top and bottom (Position 7R1E), and Type II, which has more extensive trimming.
An expert certificate is highly recommended to confirm the plate position and type due to the high value and rarity of this issue.
Notable Stamps
The Plate Positions
Plate Positions
Notable plate positions for the Scott #7 1851 1¢ Blue (Type II) are primarily distinguished by significant plate damage, double transfers, or unique manufacturing states
The "Big Crack" (Plate 2):
One of the most famous varieties, caused by a flaw in the steel plate.
Positions: 2L, 12L, 13L, 23L, and 33L of the second plate (2).
Major Double Transfers (Plate 2):
T7R1E: The most prominent double transfer.
65R1E and 22R1E: Other notable double transfer positions on Plate 2
Inverted Transfers (Plate 2):
71L1E: Features an inverted double transfer.
81L1E and 91L1E: Feature a triple transfer, with one of the transfers being inverted.
Plate 4 Double Transfer:
10R4: The only double transfer found on Plate 4, specifically at the bottom of the design.
Plate 3 Positions:
All stamps from Plate 3 are Scott #7 (Type II). These are considered rare because the plate was retired early.
Top Row Plate 4: Positions such as 3L4 are highly regarded, as the top row of Plate 4 contains some of the finest examples of the Type II design.
The Inspiration for the Design
Nathan K Hall.
Bust of Franklin
A New Contract
Under Postmaster General Nathan K. Hall, the contract to print the 1851 Issue was awarded to the Philadelphia firm of Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co. (Casilear retired in October 1854, but his name was included in plate imprints as late as 1857).
The 1¢ 1851 stamp, with a bust of Franklin based on Caffieri’s sculpture, was one of the workhorses of postage stamps issued during the decade it was current. Twelve plates were required to print sufficient quantities of 1¢ stamps, and the creation of those plates caused Toppan Carpenter a great degree of difficulty.
The Full Sheet
The Types of the 1851-57 One Cent Stamps (Large Diagram)